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It is a long-time
dream of scientists to have a unified theory, which is applicable under
all conditions to matter in all its forms. This desire clearly indicates
that all is not well about present theories. Hence the search for new
theory. But present science has advanced too far on assumed interactions and
imaginary particles. Even a very small correction, attempted in fundamental area, is bound to topple the cart of science. Therefore, there
are very few persons, who dares to suggest such changes. All present
searches
are, in some or other way, based on or are
continuation of contemporary theories. Searches based on these ‘not very
correct theories’ cannot, naturally, yield a better theory. Hence, the
scientists, in order to find a better theory, need to search outside orthodox realm of physics. This, they are afraid to do. Any
one, who
dares to move outside the limits of orthodox physics, in search for a
better theory, is immediately branded as heretics and are isolated from
the main stream. Their work is not given any consideration. This tendency,
on the part of establishment, is the main hindrance towards a unified
theory.
I wish to present a radically different approach, based on an alternative
concept, in the hope that at least few scientists may read and
evaluate it with unbiased mind. This concept explains
all physical phenomena related to matter, by using same principles, under
same basic laws and under all conditions. This concept, given in the book
'Hypothesis on MATTER', provides simple and logical explanation to all
physical phenomena, related to matter. The book includes most of the
unexplained or incorrectly explained phenomena. A logical system has some
elementary postulations/assumptions, on which its reasoning is based.
Whole of this concept is developed from assumption of only one type of
particles – Quanta of matter - with definite properties. It is also
assumed that quanta of matter fill the entire space. No other assumed
effects or virtual particles are needed to explain any phenomenon of
matter or its apparent interactions. Matter is inert and it cannot act or
interact through empty space. Therefore, there is a real entity
interlinking all three-dimensional matter particles in space, making it
possible for their interaction through a universal medium. Both, the 3D
matter bodies and the universal medium are made up of quanta of matter.
All 'natural forces' are different manifestation of the same basic effort.
Since matter is inert, this basic effort is a product of universal medium.
Efforts (forces) and their interactions are nothing but simple mechanical
movements quanta of matter in universal medium.
Aim of this book is to convey a concept, which after further
development, may lead towards a unified theory of basic physical laws.
This hypothesis is not based on or developed as a continuation of any of
the contemporary theories. Its development has resulted in many conclusions, which are
logical and simple but are contrary to current beliefs. These may, at
first sight, appear to be bizarre or unorthodox. Reader is forewarned not
to get discouraged by such conclusions. By following the chain of
reasoning as explained in the book, you will shortly find them more logical, simple and better
suited for the phenomena in general. Readers are humbly requested to read
through the whole text, sequentially at least once, without paying much
attention to conclusions or trying to compare this hypothesis with
existing theories. Once you are acquainted with the chain of reasoning,
followed in the text, you may evaluate and compare conclusions of this
book with any other theory. Any part of this hypothesis taken in
isolation, without having a general idea of the concept, will not make much
sense. Since this hypothesis is based on the properties and behavior of
postulated 'quantum of matter', it is necessary to understand them
(given in chapter TWO) before attempting to read the explanations on other
phenomena of matter. Most essential requirements for the readers, to
follow through this text, are patience and open-mind.
Few of the
controversial conclusions are listed below:
-
Matter is the
sole real entity in nature. It provides substance for positive
existence to all real entities, including universal medium.
-
Fundamentally, there is only one type of
effort (commonly known as force) and it is of push nature. 'Natural
forces' are different manifestations of this effort. Force is the
rate of work-done.
-
There are no actions at a distance through
empty space. An all-encompassing universal medium is in direct
contact with all 3D matter particles in nature. Universal medium is made up of
matter and its matter-density equals that of 3D matter, yet it is
flexible as an ideal fluid.
-
Universal medium is inherently under
compression, homogeneous, isotropic and serene. It provides an
absolute reference in space. Tendency to maintain homogeneity causes
gravitation.
-
Gravitational manifestation of effort is
enormously stronger than other manifestations of effort.
Gravitational actions convert functional (matter) entities into 3D
matter. All other manifestations of 'natural forces' are rooted on
gravitation. Gravitational (apparent) attraction between matter bodies is,
relatively, a minor byproduct of gravitational actions.
-
A macro body gains energy and matter during
cooling and loses them on heating. Heat is a process of losing
matter and energy rather than a form of energy. Energy cannot be
equated to motion.
-
Corpuscles of light have dual nature. It
has both matter content and associated electromagnetic wave. A
photon has a segmented-disc-shaped matter core body, which moves at a
constant linear speed and spins (about a diameter) at a speed
proportional to its matter content. It has electromagnetic-like
moving distortions in universal medium, associated with it.
-
Corpuscular nature of light (photons) can
explain all phenomena of light. A photon, being a matter body, is
affected by gravitational attraction.
-
Light is radiated at a constant critical
(linear) speed (with respect to absolute reference) in any region of space and it is the ultimate speed of
motion, limited by the ability of the universal medium to transfer
distortions in it. An attempt to increase speed of light,
increases its frequency (matter content) rather than its speed. An attempt to reduce speed of light reduces its frequency (matter content) rather than its speed.
-
Photons are the basic 3D matter particles.
They form all other fundamental particles. Two complimentary photons
form a biton. Two bitons form a tetron. Three bitons form either an
electron or a positron. Spherical shell, formed by tetrons is a
neutron. Spherical shell formed by tetrons about a positron is a
proton. Two identical spherical shells formed by tetrons about a
positron is a deuteron.
-
Mechanical stability of spinning nucleus
is the sole criteria for formation of nucleus of an atom. Shape of
nucleus of an atom (in larger atoms) is tubular, with different
girth at different sections.
-
Electric charges are relative references
of electric field. They are synonymous with magnetic poles of a
magnet. Every electric field has both positive and negative electric
charges.
-
There are no translational motions of
fundamental particles during an electric current. Interaction
between two electric fields depends also on the distance between
them. At greater distance, electric fields behave like magnetic
fields.
-
No planet can orbit around a moving
central body, in closed geometrical path. External effort, acting on
a linearly moving-spinning body, causes tides. Tides are mere
changes in the shape of the linearly moving-spinning body.
-
Part of central force on a planet causes
its spin motion. Every spinning planet accelerates in its spin
motion. Slowing of terrestrial spin speed is a myth.
-
There are no 'singularities'. Physical
laws are equally applicable throughout the universe, under all
conditions. Magnitudes of natural constants in any region of space
depend on the nature of universal medium in that region.
-
Extent of universe is limited by ability
of observer to gather information. On a larger scale, the universe
is of steady state. Constant recycling of matter maintains entropy
of universe within limits.
-
Electromagnetic interaction between their
halos keeps stable galaxies away from each other. No need for
'big-bang'.
-
Very large macro bodies radiate energy and
matter by gravitational collapse alone. No need for nuclear fusion, on
stars, for radiation of energy from them.
-
Terrestrial magnetism is formed by
secondary-electric fields of free-floating atoms in planet's fluid
surface.
-
And many more….
Logical development (following strict cause and effect relation) of
a concept, based on postulated 'Quanta of matter', provides all the above conclusions.
Read 'ARTICLES' to sample how
this concept suits to explain (logically) various physical phenomena
.
With Regards,
Nainan K. Varghese |
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